The Southern Refineries Company is considered one of the important Iraqi companies affiliated with the Ministry of Oil, headquartered in the Shuaiba/Zubair area in Basra. It contributes to providing all petroleum derivatives such as (liquid gas, gasoline, kerosene, gas oil, fuel oil, marine fuel oil, base fats, and aviation fuel). The increase in local production leads to a reduction in the import of petroleum derivatives, and here lies the great importance of the Southern Refineries Company. Production started in 1979 through the first refining unit with a capacity of 70,000 (barrels/day), the first hydrogenation unit with a capacity of 28,000 (barrels/day), as well as the first improvement unit with a capacity of 8,000 (barrels/day). In 1976, construction began on the second refining unit with a production capacity of 70,000 (barrels/day), the second hydrogenation unit with a capacity of 28,000 (barrels/day), as well as the second improvement unit with a capacity of 8,000 (barrels/day), with 100% Iraqi staff. Production started in 1979, and thus the refinery’s production capacity became 140,000 (barrels/day). In 1977, the construction of the Al-Shaabiya fat refinery began. The project was completed in 1982 and production began in 1996 with a production capacity of 100,000 tons/year to produce fats of various grades as well as asphalt production. In 2011, the third refining unit was established with a production capacity of (70,000) (barrels/day) and production began in 2014. Thus, the production capacity of the Basra refinery became 210,000 (barrels/day). The third hydrogenation and benzene improvement unit was also operated in 2015 with a hydrogenation unit of 6,000 (barrels/day) and improvement of 10,000 (barrels/day). At the end of 2023, the fourth refining unit was operated with a production capacity of (70,000) (barrels/day). In 2024, the isomerization unit was established and actual production began in early 2024 with a capacity of 11,000 (barrels/day). Currently, work is underway to establish the FCC unit that operates according to international specifications, which will contribute significantly to the production of high-octane gasoline EURO5 to reduce imported gasoline as well as the rest of the products that support the local market with white derivatives. As for the gas units, they are units attached to the hydrogenation units and gasoline improvement units in the first and second lines, and they are attached to the third and fourth refining units in the third and fourth lines. Their purpose is to treat the hydrocarbon surpluses resulting from the units connected to them and to produce liquefied gas used domestically for cooking purposes as well as as fuel for cars, etc. These units were introduced to work simultaneously with the units attached to them and during the same periods mentioned above. They are four gas production units: the first with a design production capacity of 200 tons/day, the second gas unit with a production capacity of 220 tons/day, the third gas unit with a production capacity of 216 tons/day, and the fourth with a capacity of 160 tons/day, in addition to the tank unit to collect the gas produced from the units and pump it to the filling plant. It consists of four horizontal tanks, each with a capacity of 205 m3, a spherical tank with a capacity of 250 m3, and another spherical tank with a capacity of 1000 m3.